Chapter 3. An Object-Oriented Framework

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Python for experienced programmers

第三章面向对象框架

3.1. 接触

这一章，和此后的许多章，均讨论了面向对象的Python程序设计。还记得我说过你应该知道一门面向对象语言来阅读这本书吗？哦，我可不是开完笑。

下面是一个完整的，可运行的Python程序。阅读模块，类，和函数的文档字符串，可以了解这个程序所做的和如何工作的总体印象。

例 3.1. fileinfo.py

"""Framework for getting filetype-specific metadata.

Instantiate appropriate class with filename.  Returned object acts like a
dictionary, with key-value pairs for each piece of metadata.
    import fileinfo
    info = fileinfo.MP3FileInfo("/music/ap/mahadeva.mp3")
    print "\\n".join(["%s=%s" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()])

Or use listDirectory function to get info on all files in a directory.
    for info in fileinfo.listDirectory("/music/ap/", [".mp3"]):
        ...

Framework can be extended by adding classes for particular file types, e.g.
HTMLFileInfo, MPGFileInfo, DOCFileInfo.  Each class is completely responsible for
parsing its files appropriately; see MP3FileInfo for example.
"""
import os
import sys
from UserDict import UserDict

def stripnulls(data)
    "strip whitespace and nulls"
    return data.replace("\00", "").strip()

class FileInfo(UserDict):
    "store file metadata"
    def __init__(self, filename=None):
        UserDict.__init__(self)
        self["name"] = filename

class MP3FileInfo(FileInfo):
    "store ID3v1.0 MP3 tags"
    tagDataMap = {"title"   : (  3,  33, stripnulls),
                  "artist"  : ( 33,  63, stripnulls),
                  "album"   : ( 63,  93, stripnulls),
                  "year"    : ( 93,  97, stripnulls),
                  "comment" : ( 97, 126, stripnulls),
                  "genre"   : (127, 128, ord)}

    def __parse(self, filename):
        "parse ID3v1.0 tags from MP3 file"
        self.clear()
        try:                               
            fsock = open(filename, "rb", 0)
            try:                           
                fsock.seek(-128, 2)        
                tagdata = fsock.read(128)  
            finally:                       
                fsock.close()              
            if tagdata[:3] == "TAG":
                for tag, (start, end, parseFunc) in self.tagDataMap.items():
                    self[tag] = parseFunc(tagdata[start:end])               
        except IOError:                    
            pass                           

    def __setitem__(self, key, item):
        if key == "name" and item:
            self.__parse(item)
        FileInfo.__setitem__(self, key, item)

def listDirectory(directory, fileExtList):
    "get list of file info objects for files of particular extensions"
    fileExtList = [ext.upper() for ext in fileExtList]
    fileList = [os.path.join(directory, f) for f in os.listdir(directory) \
                if os.path.splitext(f)[1].upper() in fileExtList]
    def getFileInfoClass(filename, module=sys.modules[FileInfo.__module__]):
        "get file info class from filename extension"
        subclass = "%sFileInfo" % os.path.splitext(filename)[1].upper()[1:]
        return hasattr(module, subclass) and getattr(module, subclass) or FileInfo
    return [getFileInfoClass(f)(f) for f in fileList]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for info in listDirectory("/music/_singles/", [".mp3"]): 
        print "\n".join(["%(key)s=%(value)s" % vars() for key, value in info.items()])
        print

这个程序的输出要依赖于你硬盘上的文件。为了得到有意义的输出，你应该修改目录路径指到你自已机器上的一个MP3文件目录。

例 3.2. fileinfo.py 的输出

下面就是从我的机器上得到的输出。你的输出将不一样，除非，由于某些令人吃惊的巧合，你与我有着共同的音乐品味。

album=
artist=Ghost in the Machine
title=A Time Long Forgotten (Concept
genre=31
name=/music/_singles/a_time_long_forgotten_con.mp3
year=1999
comment=http://mp3.com/ghostmachine

album=Rave Mix
artist=***DJ MARY-JANE***
title=HELLRAISER****Trance from Hell
genre=31
name=/music/_singles/hellraiser.mp3
year=2000
comment=http://mp3.com/DJMARYJANE

album=Rave Mix
artist=***DJ MARY-JANE***
title=KAIRO****THE BEST GOA
genre=31
name=/music/_singles/kairo.mp3
year=2000
comment=http://mp3.com/DJMARYJANE

album=Journeys
artist=Masters of Balance
title=Long Way Home
genre=31
name=/music/_singles/long_way_home1.mp3
year=2000
comment=http://mp3.com/MastersofBalan

album=
artist=The Cynic Project
title=Sidewinder
genre=18
name=/music/_singles/sidewinder.mp3
year=2000
comment=http://mp3.com/cynicproject

album=Digitosis@128k
artist=VXpanded
title=Spinning
genre=255
name=/music/_singles/spinning.mp3
year=2000
comment=http://mp3.com/artists/95/vxp

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第三章 面向对象框架

3.1. 接触

第三章面向对象框架